SPM Biology Form 4 Notes – Terminology and Concepts: Cell Structure and Cell Organisation (Part II)

February 12, 2010

Continuing from Part 1 of Cell Structure and Organisation, Berry Berry Easy will like to present you with part 2 of the same topic. The previous part involved Mitochondrion, Nucleus, Neucleolus, Neucleoplasm, Chromosomes, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum and Plasma membrane. So be sure to check out the previous post.

SPM Form 4 – Terminology and Concepts: Cell Structure and Cell Organisation

Cell Structure and Function

Comparison between Animal Cell (AC) and Plant Cell (PC)

9. Golgi apparatus / Golgi body: AC and PC

• bound sacs
• processes, packages and transport molecules synthesised in the cell
• forms lysosomes
• transports and stores lipids
• synthesis of carbohydrate from hormone
• changes protein into glycoprotein
• excretes waste products out of the cell

10. Cytoplasm: AC and PC

• aqueous solution (except nucleus)
• stores water, enzymes, nutrient, salts and dissolved gases
• provided support, shape and protects the cell organelles
• medium for metabolic reactions
• provides substances

11. Lysosome: AC

• sac-like organelle with one membrane
• digest proteins, lipids and carbohydrates
• removes undigested materials
• releases enzymes to digest external materials

12.  Centriole: AC

• are paired cylindrical organelles
• nine tubes with three tubules each
• produces spindle during cell division (mitosis and meiosis)
• migrate to the opposite poles of the cell (during cell division – will be discussed in Chapter 5 Cell Division)

13. Vacuole: AC (temporary / lower class species) and PC

• small cavity in the cytoplasm
• bound by a single membrane
• filled with cell sap
• storage of food (protein, oil and water)
• some vacuoles remove metabolic waste
• functions as cell expansion
• Amoeba: food vacuoles (phagocytosis)
• Paramecium: contractile vacuoles (expel water)

14. Cell Wall: PC

• rigid and tough cellulose layer surrounding the plasma membrane (cell membrane)
• protects and supports the cell
• maintains the shape
• prevents the cell from busting (excessive intake of water)
• allows substances to move freely through the cell wall

15. Chloroplast: PC

• disc / lens-shaped organelle
• have two membranes: inner and outer membrane
• contains chlorophyll in the grana to trap sunlight energy
• carry out photosynthesis in the chlorophyll
• storage of food and pigments

Keys:

• AC and PC = similarities
• AC or PC = differences (Carbohydrates storage: AC = Glycogen / PC = Starch)

The notes for this topic is not yet complete, so check out for Part III. Log on frequently to Berry Berry Easy for more notes.

Please also view the other berry related posts:

1. SPM Biology Form 4 Notes – Terminology and Concepts: Cell Structure and Cell Organisation (Part I)
2. SPM Biology Form 4 Notes – Terminology and Concepts: Cell Structure and Cell Organisation (Part IV)
3. SPM Biology Form 4 Notes – Terminology and Concepts: Cell Structure and Cell Organisation (Part III)
4. SPM Biology Form 4 Notes – Terminology and Concepts: Movement of Substances Across the Plasma Membrane (Part I)
5. SPM Biology Form 4 Notes – Terminology and Concepts: Movement of Substances Across the Plasma Membrane (Part II)

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