This post is the list of PEKA experiments for SPM Biology Form 4 from Berry Berry Easy. It is advisable that students read all of these experiments from Chapter 7: Respiration before heading in so as to be better prepared. So do read this post.
Berry List of Biology Experiments (PEKA) Form 4 (Part 7)
Chapter 7 – Respiration
List of PEKA experiments:
- Studying the process of aerobic respiration
- Investigate the process of anaerobic respiration in yeast
- Comparing the total surface area of a flat card with that of a corrugated card
- Observing graphics and live specimens of respiratory structures
- Constructing a model of the human lungs to explain the breathing mechanisms in human
- Investigating the difference between inhaled and exhaled air in terms of oxygen and carbon dioxide contents
- Investigating the differences between inhaled and exhaled air in terms of heat content
- Studying the effects of vigorous exercise on the breathing and heartbeat rates
- Demonstrating the effects of cigarette smoke on lung
Creative Corner:
- Constructing a model of the rib cage to demonstrate the actions of the intercostals muscles and ribs
| Number | Activity 7.1 (Observation) |
| Pg. | 83 |
| Title | Studying the process of aerobic respiration |
| Aim / Objective of the Study | To study the process of aerobic respiration |
| Material |
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| Apparatus |
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| Technique used | Measure and record the heights of the coloured liquids in the capillary tubes with a ruler |
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| Number | Activity 7.2 (Experiment) |
| Pg. | 85 |
| Title | Investigate the process of anaerobic respiration in yeast |
| Aim / Objective of the Study | To investigate the process of anaerobic respiration in yeast |
| Problem Statement | What are the products of fermentation? |
| Hypothesis | In the absence of oxygen, yeast undergoes anaerobic respiration to produce carbon dioxide, ethanol and energy |
| Variables |
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| Material |
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| Apparatus |
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| Technique used |
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| Number | Activity 7.3 (Observation) |
| Pg. | 87 |
| Title | Comparing the total surface area of a flat card with that of a corrugated card |
| Aim / Objective of the Study | To compare the total surface area of a flat card with that of a corrugated card |
| Material |
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| Apparatus | - |
| Technique used | Compare and make inference on the various adaptation of the respiratory structures |
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| Number | Activity 7.4 (Simulation) |
| Pg. | 88 |
| Title | Observing graphics and live specimens of respiratory structures |
| Aim / Objective of the Study | To study and observe graphics and live specimens of respiratory structures |
| Material |
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| Apparatus |
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| Technique used | Observe graphics and live specimens of respiratory structures |
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| Number | Activity 7.5 (Simulation) |
| Pg. | 91 |
| Title | Constructing a model of the human lungs to explain the breathing mechanisms in human |
| Aim / Objective of the Study | To construct a model of the human lungs to explain the breathing mechanisms in human |
| Material |
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| Apparatus |
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| Technique used |
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| Number | Creative corner |
| Pg. | 92 |
| Title | Constructing a model of the rib cage to demonstrate the actions of the intercostals muscles and ribs |
| Aim / Objective of the Study | To construct a model of the rib cage to demonstrate the actions of the intercostals muscles and ribs |
| Material |
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| Apparatus | - |
| Technique used |
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| Number | Activity 7.6 (Experiment) |
| Pg. | 93 |
| Title | Investigating the difference between inhaled and exhaled air in terms of oxygen and carbon dioxide contents |
| Aim / Objective of the Study | To investigate the difference between inhaled and exhaled air in terms of oxygen and carbon dioxide contents |
| Problem Statement | Are the contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide in inhaled air the same as those on exhaled air? / does inhaled air contain the same amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide as exhaled air? |
| Hypothesis | Inhaled air has a higher percentage of oxygen when compared to exhaled air. Exhaled air has a higher percentage of carbon dioxide when compared to inhaled air. |
| Variables |
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| Material |
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| Apparatus |
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| Technique used | Measure and observe the length of air columns occupied by gases in a J-tube with a ruler |
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| Number | Activity 7.7 (Experiment) |
| Pg. | 96 |
| Title | Investigating the differences between inhaled and exhaled air in terms of heat content |
| Aim / Objective of the Study | To investigate the differences between inhaled and exhaled air in terms of heat content |
| Problem Statement | Is the heat content in inhaled air the same as that in exhaled air? |
| Hypothesis | Exhaled air has higher heat content when compared to inhaled air |
| Apparatus |
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| Technique used | Measure and record the change in temperature with a thermometer |
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| Number | Activity 7.8 (Experiment) |
| Pg. | 97 |
| Title | Studying the effects of vigorous exercise on the breathing and heartbeat rates |
| Aim / Objective of the Study | To study the effects of vigorous exercise on the breathing and heartbeat rates |
| Problem Statement | What is the effect of vigorous exercise on the breathing and heartbeat rates? |
| Hypothesis | Vigorous exercise increases the breathing and heartbeat rates |
| Variables |
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| Material | - |
| Apparatus |
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| Technique used | Count and record the number of breaths per minute and the number of heartbeats per minute |
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| Number | Activity 7.9 (Experiment) |
| Pg. | 99 |
| Title | Demonstrating the effects of cigarette smoke on lungs |
| Aim / Objective of the Study | To show the effects of cigarette smoke on lungs |
| Problem Statement | What are the effects of cigarette smoke on lungs? |
| Hypothesis | Cigarette smoke corrodes the cotton wool to change colour and contains acidic gas. |
| Variables | - |
| Material |
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| Apparatus |
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| Technique used | Observe the effect of cigarette smoke on lungs and increases the temperature of the respiratory tract. Tobacco tar makes the lungs appear brownish. |
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